- Before the revolution, Spain controlled Mexico and most of central America, but people began uprising against Napoleon's role and his power overseas.
- Napoleon controlled most of the cities and the government. The people wanted to be separate from Spain and began revolting.The revolts were led by Miguel and other revolutionaries.
- Creoles needed the lower classes but also despised them
- The white upper class was afraid of revolting at first because they thought it would cause unrest that could turn on them (in general for the latin american wars)
- Jobs were being destroyed:Wealthy landowners forced many poor sharecroppers and farmers off of they land to expand their estates, trade restrictions were eased which lead to many small artisans losing their jobs to cheaper foreign merchandise, mining jobs were lost, there were many droughts and crop failures and people dying of hunger between 1785-1786 which left people desperate in the 1900's
- Since 1808 the government was made of conservatives who wanted to stay connected to Spain
Mexican War of Independence
The Mexican Revolution
Word Search:
- Who controlled Mexico from overseas and people wanted to revolt against?
- What group of people were from European and Born in americas
Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla
- He was a Catholic priest.
- Began the Mexican war of independence by first delivering his speech “cry of Dolores”
- Revolutionary tract because it was read in the city of Dolores
- Celebrating the end of 300 years of rule by spain
- The beginning of redistribution of land and racial equality
- The father of the revolts lead he and his army to go and capture the capitol
- He was defeated by Calderon in January and fled north but was soon captured in 1811 and executed
Word Search:
3. Who was named "The Father of Revolts" and first began career as a Catholic priest?
4. What was the city where the revolts began?
First Revolt
- Since 1808 the government was made of conservatives who wanted to stay connected to Spain
- Hidalgo joined conspiracy to overthrow them, gave the “Grito de Dolores” speech
- Hidalgo enlisted people against the status quo, Indians (concerned less with independence from Spain but more with their own local power and traditional values) and mestizos, rural people
- They sacked several towns and killed many Spaniards
- Creole elites joined forces with pro-Spanish forces who captured and executed Hidalgo but another priest took over
Word Search:
5. What group of people who were interested in local power?
6. What group of people lived outside the cities and were of American and Latin descent?
Second Revolt
February 1821
- Royalist general Agustin de Iturbide switched sides and joined with rebel leader Vicente Guerrero who was fighting against Spain.
- proclamation of independence Plan de Iguala: independence for Mexico and creation of constitutional monarchy, protection for Catholic Church and all Europeans in Mexico who agreed to support him
- Spanish authority than collapsed because many units were switching over to Iturbide
- In September, 1821 Iturbide entered Mexico City and won
Word Search:
7. Who fought against Spain and was joined by Iturbide?
8. What proclamation established Mexico's Independence?
Agustin de Iturbide
- He became emperor of his independent nation
- Was in the army and was a commander and then became a general
- He was very organized and kept notes on all of his wars
- Abused those who got in his way to success
- He lived mexico city for 3 years due to self discipline
- He became a liberator in 1821 while establishing a new government as well as the treaty of Cordoba
- Grew up in Valladolid, wealthy and educated in military and school.
- Trained with the militia and was mobilized due to british invasion threats and when Napoleon invaded
Word Search:
9. Who was educated in both military and academics and became an emporer?
10. What was the treaty that freed Mexico from Spain?