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Battle of Alarcos

Thesis

To what extent was the defeat of the Christian forces at Alarcos by the Almohads due to the strategic mistakes made by Alfonso Vlll. It resulted in the defeat of Castillian forces and their following retreat to Toledo while the Almohads reconquered Talavera, Trujillo, Cuenca, Montánchez and more. "They were to shatter the enemy with an irresistible charge; the king himself would follow with the infantry and the Military Orders, and complete the enemy rout.''

The Christian cavalry charge was somewhat disordered, but its impetus was still formidable." The loss of this led to a lot of Spain being conquered after this battle it was a huge turning point in their fighting. I will be going through Medieval Warfare battle books, books that include the information of Christianity and that of Medieval Spain.

Caricamento...

MUSLIM FORCES: ''These Turkic armies consisted largely of light cavalry who fought with bow and arrow from horseback much like their nomadic brethren/ancestors. They used mobility to exhaust and demoralize their opponents in order to break their formation or to separate them. When they had succeeded they would finish the job in a final attack together with the heavy cavalry." These were the tactics that were previously used by the Muslim forces against the Christians forces 100 years before the Battle of Alarcos had taken place. "The Almohads have incorporated two important tactical advances: The crossbow and the Militia formed by all able men, giving them numerical superiority over the Christian armies of the Iberian Peninsula, which were composed of mercenaries and military professionals such how the military orders and the Knights, but they were very few in number compared." These two tactical advantages that they got helped them beat the Christians also the poor leadership that Alfonso had in leading his army in to battle.

BATTLE: "The army of the Caliph Al-Mansur Yusuf was composed by Andalusian volunteers Almohad Benimerines and muslin nobility. Their number is estimated at 30,000

The army of King Alfonso VIII, was composed of Toledo Knights of the Knights of the Military Orders of Calatrava and Santiago the Knights of the Military Order of Evora in Portugal with its Field Marshalls. Their number is estimated at 10,000" The Christian forces were already out numbered and so they should have been even more precocious with their actions and not reckless. "The fight lasted from noon until evening, when Muslims were able to penetrate the Castilian camp to shop Castilian king who was about to perish in the war." "It was a major defeat for Christians, suffering many casualties by poor strategy and wise Alfonso VIII trap of Almohades." They had suffered a huge defeat to the Almohads they should have never lost they needed a lot more work in their strategy.

King Alfonso VIII: "In the morning of 19th July and after have wait done day reinforcements, the impatience and recklessness King Alfonso VIII, gave the order to attack without waiting for the kings of Aragon, Navarra and Leon,who had given his troops the numerical superiority and possibly win." King Alfonso Vlll was impatient and reckless he did not wait for any sort of reinforcements that would have for sure given the Christians the win against the Almohads if Alfonso had waited for more reinforcements they would have came out victorious. "King Alfonso VIII galloped toward the Malagon castle taking the path of Villadiego and the next day ran to Toledo, leaving the command to Senescal of Castile, Don Diego López de Haro, who fled with his troops in 5000 Alarcos Castle, to save, had to deliver 12 Knights hostage Almohades sign that pay the ransom set by Al-Mansur." King Alfonso was not a king that would go out with his men he really didn't not care for his troops lives. He had to give or enslave 12 of his knights to get the remaining people they had hostage away from the Almohads.

Gives some of the back ground information of the battle and also tells what they did during and after the battle. Narrator is speaking in a weird way.

Gives a good description of alfonso and of Spain.

Describing a little of who was involved and the after math of the battle and even a little on how it is today.

Medieval Warfare a History edited by Maurice Keen. 1999 1st Edition this was made for the purpose to get information on medieval history this was to inform the readers of what was happening during those times and what a person would have to be going through. The attended audience for who was going to receive this information was for students, people researching this information and anyone wanting to know about Medieval Warfare. The source is basically saying how Alfonso is not using any sort of strategy or any sort of common sense going into this huge battle and he ends up doing reckless and not very smart choices. He never waited for any kind of back up what so ever he charges in with no real sort of plan. Also has what the people that were into battle were getting themselves into food wise and in every other situation that they will get into. The Medieval Military Orders 1120-1314 Nochlas Marton Pearson Education 2013. In this source tells us what has happened after the battle and what was happening that would eventually lead up to the battle. The source was meant for all of those who were interested and wanted to learn more Medieval Spain at the time and what was the soul purpose of what people had to go through during these times. Also has the information of things that happened after the battle of Alarcos and how it eventually came to hurt them in the long run to all of the people involved in that battle and all those who were hurt by it.

The resource that I did on the battle of alarcos was on what was happening at the time what they were going through and the people that it affected during the battle. The things that we can not see or the information that was not give in was that of what was happening towards the lead up of the battle and how every army was being feed and pertained. We can not tell how the information was acquired but we can see how the information acquired helps us with our thesis statement as it is supporting what we are trying to say in the ways that we show what he was doing. We also see how and what was going on during the time and who was involved and the people that did not want to get involved at all. We can also see and tell that the information we see is helping a lot. These times show us what other types of battles and other things that are going on during this time period. The after math of the battle also the things that happened before the battle, during mainly everything that we need to know, shows us what exactly happened after the loss. More importantly it gives us the overall view of how Medieval times at war were and the sacrifices and hardships that people had to go through. Also get all of the knowledge that the Medieval time period had for us as we are learning all of this material and we get to see how we use some of the things they had then that we use now. The strategic strategies that he did and did not use which would ultimately end up being his down fall at the end and ended up killing him in battle. The information that we do not get from these sources are all the information from the Almohads or all the information regarding the Christians we would need to get more information regarding both of them because we do not have all of the needed information on both of them. Also would need a lot more back ground information on all of the other religions that were involved and around during the time so we can get an overall view and overall see of how the things were. How the relationships of all the religions were at the time and how they would co live with all of each other with peace or if they hated and were at war with each other. This information does give us how he lost what strategies he did do what his actions were and what were things that he didn't do that would make him loose at the end. This information that we have received and that i use can clearly help us answer my thesis in the fact that the only strategy that he had was charging in without any sort of plan he did not wait for back up nor did he wait to have any sort of strategy. We would need more information on the cities that each religion had power over and the overall power that they had in Spain and what there purpose of the battle was for each religion. The over all purpose for each religion and both of their actions explained and their overall goal to do things for were.

In conclusion the strategic mistakes that Alfonso Vlll made him loose the battle of alarcos because all of his strategies did not work, more of his lack of strategies. He carelessly charged head 1st straight into battle with no real sort of plan at all he never waited for any sort of reinforcements at all he decided that he wanted to go into this battle with a lot less soldiers than the enemy. If he had waited for reinforcements then he would have had a better chance of coming out on top in the battle but he was careless and reckless and charged straight in without a single hesitation. Alfonso Vlll needed to better prepare his troops and his strategy before hand to even have had a chance against them he never really thought about what was gonna happen he went in blind with no real sort of purpose or real choice of what the outcome was going to he decided that when he just went in.

In the 1190s, Alfonso VIII of Castile (1158-1214) undertook a raid into the region around Seville, the Almohad capital of Spain. In retaliation, the Almohad ruler, Ya’qub (1184-99) went on his own campaign against Alfonso, leading to his victory at Alarcos on July 19, 1195. The writer of the following account, Al-Himyari, a 15th century author, had access to much original information from this period. The camp of the Christians was plundered and about 30,000 of them were killed. Fewer than 500 Muslims found. Primary Source. martyrdom.https://deremilitari.org/2013/03/the-battle-of-alarcos-1195/

Food was not an important aspect of religious poverty and it's function, in part, as a barometer of an order's austerity. The question of food goes hand in hand with fasting, which served not only as a form of penance but also as a regular ascetic practice. The military had their own special kind of diet where they were allowed to eat meat on Tuesday, Thursday, and Sunday because they needed the energy to fight in the battle. The brothers had to fast three days a week on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday from the Cross (September 140) until Easter, but the master was free to dispense brothers who were engaged against the Saracens.

"After the battle of Alarcos, Trujillos rights in Ronda, but not the lordship of the place itself, were given to Calatrava in compensation for its loses" Conedera page 135.

Secondary Source.

"The war could end when one side withdrew to their own territory with the surrender of one side and acceptance of other's authority, or with a peace treaty as if between equals." 143

"In fact, peace could never be assured, peace is better than war and benefits the country, the fact that young men could best win social prestige through taking part in war, that governments reinforced their authority through war, and that war brought economic gains meant that" Secondary Source Marten,Nicholas. The Medieval Military. 41

Abu Yusuf Yakub al-Mansur (reigned 1184-1199) was the third caliph of the Almohad dynasty and the victor against the Spanish Christians at the battle of Alarcos.

Abu Yusuf served as vizier of the Almohad empire during the reign of his father, Abu Yakub Yusuf (1162-1184), and at his death was chosen as his successor as Yakub I. Having gained considerable practical experience as an administrator in the vizierate, Yakub kept firm control of the state in his own hands, continuing the Almohad tradition of active leadership in religious affairs and vigorous military campaigns against the enemies of the state.

http://biography.yourdictionary.com/abu-yusuf-yakub-al-mansur Secondary source. History of Morocco (2 vol., 1949-1950; trans., 1 vol., 1952). There are also chapters on the Almohads in Eleanor Hoffman, Realm of the Evening Star: A History of Morocco and the Lands of the Moors (1965), and in Nevill Barbour, Morocco, (1965). In English, the standard comprehensive work on Arabic history is Philip K. Hitti, History of the Arabs: From the Earliest Times to the Present (1937; 8th ed. 1963). For works that discuss Yakub in relation to Spanish history see S. M. Imamuddin, A Political History of Muslim Spain (1961), and W. Montgomery Watt, A History of Islamic Spain (1965).Read more at http://biography.yourdictionary.com/abu-yusuf-yakub-al-mansur#rrvztsofOvs7ZjOv.99 Telling where got the information from multple sources combined to the statement and the people who talked about them.

''After the battle,bodies were stripped of amour, and the victorious side buried their own dead.'' Nicholas,Helen. Medieval Welfare. Secondary source. 143

Battle of Alarcos (July 18, 1195), celebrated Almohad victory in Muslim Spain over the forces of King Alfonso VIII of Castile. Battle between the Almohads led by Abu Yusuf Ya'qub al-Mansur and king Alfonso Vill of Castille. It then resulted in the defeat of the Castilian forces and then had them retreat back to Toledo. Took place close to the Guadalete River near the southern coast of the Iberian peninsula (Ciudad Real, Spain) on July 18, 1195. It resulted in the defeat of Castillian forces and their following retreat to Toledo while the Almohads reconquered Talavera, Trujillo, Cuenca, Montánchez and more.

Al-Mansur [Ya`qub] then returned in triumph to Seville and stayed there for a while. Then he launched an expedition to the north; he besieged Tarjalah (Trujillo) and descended on Balansiyya (Plasencia, sic.), which he took by storm, capturing its governor along with 150 of its leading infidels. He sent them to work on the construction of the Friday Mosque at Sala (Sald) with the prisoners taken at Alarcos. Primary soure.https://deremilitari.org/2013/03/the-battle-of-alarcos-1195/. Al-Himyari, a 15th century author Secondary source.