When Missouri was formed as a new state in North America they wanted to enter as a slave state. The would offset the balance between free and slave states. To restore the balance, Maine was added to the U.S. as a free state so our government would be equal.
The North grew their economy by industrializing factories. Immigrants would come to the U.S. and work a paid job at a factory. The South had huge cash crop plantations. They used slavery as a way to receive physical labor on the farms. These slaves were not seen as a people, nor were they paid or treated well.
California was admitted to the U.S. as a free state. The Union had more power in the government, To make the power between the South and North equal they added the Fugitive Slave Act.
Because of the Compromise of 1850 they added the act that required slaves who attempted / successfully escaped to the north to be returned to their owners in the south. The federal government was now responsible for hunting down escaped slaves to return them. This was seen to make the balance equal between the North and South.
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Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote the famous book Uncle Tom's Cabin. This book is significant because it speaks up about injustices of slavery and dived deep into the cruel way slaves are treated and all the cultural beliefs about them. Stowe's book became revolutionary during the anti-slavery movement.
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Similar to the Missouri compromise, the Kansas - Nebraska act was when two new territories were developed in the United States, Kansas and Nebraska. Both states were allowed popular sovereignty, so pro-slavery and anti-slavery activists came down to Kansas to fight for their beliefs. This determined if Kansas would be a free state or slave state. Ultimately, Kansas became a slave state.
In this case it was decided by the U.S. supreme court that enslaved people will still not be recognized as citizens of the United States. Slaves did not receive protection from the federal government or any court. Congress also had no say in whether or not slavery should be abolished.
On October 17th, John Brown and his army captured citizens and ultimately attempted to start a revolt of enslaved people. He had plans to signally abolish slavery. John Brown was charged with treason and was hung in Charles Town.
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Abraham Lincoln won the presidential election of 1860. Before Lincoln was a president he served in legislative for 8 years. He was married to Marry Todd and had 4 sons. He was known for being a genuine man, hence the nickname, "Honest Abe." He only won 40% of the popular vote, but he won over the electoral college. Lincolns wishes for his presidency was to prohibit slavery in certain areas.
South Carolina was the first state to secede from the federal Union. This all occurred after Abraham Lincoln was elected president, and he was seen as a threat to the south because of his views on slavery.
The Confederate States of America attacked military Garrison at Fort Sumter in South Carolina. About two days later the fort ended up surrendering, so no one was killed. This was enough to start to threaten the south and officially start the long, bloody Civil War.
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Federal forces, ran by General Irvin McDowell, tried to move by a Confederate Army by crossing Bull Run, but they had to turn back. The Confederate forces won, and Federal forces were required to retreat back to Washington, D.C.
When the south states seceded from the U.S. they elected a president to lead them. The Confederate congress, in Montgomery, Alabama, selected Jefferson Davis to be the provisional president of the Confederate States of America. But before Jefferson Davis served as president, he was in the Army and was fighting for Mississippi.
During this battle the ironclads, Monitor and Virginia, fought for two to three hours. After awhile, both ships decided to return to their base because no progress or damage was being made on either one. The monitor still threatened the Union by preventing most damage from their blockade.
The Battle of Antietam was very significant because it was considered the turning point of the Civil War. This battle is considered the bloodiest day in American history. New rifles with amazing accuracy were included, hence the death of many soldiers. Ultimately, the Union won this battle, and Abraham Lincoln made an announcement for the Emancipation Proclamation.
The Union won this battle in Pittsburgh Landing, Tennessee between the Confederate forces. The day they fought was considered the bloodiest battle in American History. 23,000 died and many more wounded.
This battle was a turning point for the Civil War because they were fighting over the lower Mississippi land. Ultimately, the Union Army won, and the Confederate army drew back their troops. This allowed the Union to receive supplies because the port in the city was an asset for materials.
The Union and Southern army fought in Richmond, Virginia. The Union wanted their battle to take place here because they wanted to take over the land, which is also the capital of the Confederacy. This would give them a lot of power against the South.
President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation stating that every slave will now and forever be seen as an actual person. They will be free, just like any other man. It really summarized what the Union stood for.
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The Union Army had plans to circle and basically capture the Confederate Army in North Virginia. They attempted, but did not succeed whatsoever. Although, the Union didn't win, they didn't necessarily lose because Robert E. Lee, General of the Confederate Army, died during this battle.