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A Cloze Test (also called the "cloze deletion test") is an exercise, test, or assessment consisting of a portion of text with certain words removed (cloze text), where the teacher asks the participant to restore the missing words. Cloze tests require students to understand context and vocabulary to identify the correct words belonging in the deleted portions of a text.

Assessment for learning helps instructors have a clear picture of the abilities and needs of their learners. Assessment is done for the purpose of measuring what the learners can and cannot do at any given point in the learning process. Assessment for learning:

Cloze Test

The Cloze test is an informal reading assessment.

The purpose of the Cloze test is twofold, for informal assessment and for instruction.

When used for assessment, it helps the teacher to understand how readers use context clues and background knowledge to figure out unknown words as well as to determine if a text is too easy or difficult for the reader.

When used as an instructional tool, the Cloze Test shows students how to use the context clues and background knowledge to decipher unknown words.

The Cloze test, also known as the Cloze procedure; it has been in practice in language teaching for more than half a century. It was first introduced by Taylor (1953) who intended to measure English native speaker children’s text readability.

A cloze passage can be taken from any text;

it is typically 125 to 500 words long depending

on the reader's grade level.

HOW TO CREATE A TYPICAL CLOZE TEST

There are a number of methods teachers use to create Cloze tests.

ThoughCo. recommends this common method:

Replace every fifth word with a blank. This is where the students are to fill in the missing word.
Have students write only one word in each blank. They are to work through the test making sure to write a word for each missing word in the passage.
Encourage students to guess as they go through the test.
Tell students they do not need to worry about spelling errors as these will not be counted against them.

To calculate the reader's score, divide the total number of correct suggestions for missing words by the total number of blanks.

For example, if there are 100 missing words and the student provide 80 correct responses, the student final score is 80%.

The most valid scoring system for diagnostic purposes is to accept only exact word from the original passage

(Ruddell, 1964).

For Instruction purposes synonyms are acceptable

(Gillet & Temple, 2004).

Scale for reading level:

Individual reading level = 60-100%

Instructional reading level = 40-59%

Frustration reading level = Below 40%

Over time, researchers have tested the Cloze method and found that it does indeed indicate reading comprehension levels.

Thus, Cloze Tests provide empirical evidence of how easy a text is to read and understand for a specified target audience.

Cloze test measures the comprehensibility of a text. That is, readability is defined in terms of how understandable, or comprehensible, a text is to an actual reader.

Thus, this measure can change according to who reads the text.Aside from having a reader actually read the text, the Cloze test requires that we have a target audience in mind from the outset. This is because the result of a Cloze test will not only vary from person to person, but also from one group to the next.

Because readers are provided a passage from which certain words are missing. It follows logically that the reader must have a strong command of the English language, along with good grammar and vocabulary.

+ We must know our audience in advance.

+ More importantly, it is important to understand the flow

and context of the passage.

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HOW TEACHERS CAN USE CLOZE TESTS

There are a number of ways teachers can use Cloze Tests.

+ One of the most effective uses of these tests is to help make decisions about reading passages to assign to our students.

+ The Cloze procedure can help determine what passages to assign students, how long to give them to read specific passages, and how much students might to comprehend on their own without additional input from the teacher.

- Note, however, Cloze tests are diagnostic.

Since this is not a standard assessment/test, a student’s understanding of the material that has been taught and/or the student’s percentage score should not be used for grading purposes.

NOTE:

In 1982, Klein and Braley by criticizing cloze procedure, introduced their own testing procedure, C-test, which resolved the cloze tests alleged deficiencies. The C-test involves a number of short texts (usually five or six) to which the rule of two is applied. According to this rule, the second half of every second word in the text is deleted until the required number of mutilations is reached, leaving the first and last sentence of passage intact to provide enough contexts. These tests like cloze procedures have been used as tests of language proficiency and rarely as tests of reading comprehension. A 2012 study demonstrated, despite the widely held view that C-test works better than the Cloze test, subjects performed better on the Cloze test as measure of reading comprehension.

Sources

Ajideh, P. & Mozaffarzadeh, S. (2012). A Comparative Study on C-test vs. Cloze Test as Tests of Reading Comprehension. Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research

Guanxin Ren, R. (2011). Can Cloze Tests Really Improve Second Language Learners’ Reading Comprehension Skills? Journal of College Teaching & Learning. 8/4.

How to Use the Cloze Test (Cloze Deletion Test) to Score Readability. Retrieved November 10, 2017 from Readability Formulas Web Site: http://www.readabilityformulas.com/the-cloze-test-readability-assessment.php

Kelly, M. "Cloze Tests to Determine Reading Comprehension." ThoughtCo, Feb. 21, 2017, thoughtco.com/cloze-tests-for-reading-comprehension-7948.