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Students marching in protest of Vietnam War, October 1969
KA
Kamila Akhmetova

Apartheid Timeline

Between 1948 and 1994 was the time of the Apartheid when the government made laws to discriminate against black people. Also during that time national party ruled the Africa and made all the laws. Everything was segregated by race, such as, public transportation, public places, even medicine and education. Apartheid ended when Nelson Mandela became a president.

F.W. de Klerk, the leader of the National Party, meeting his successor Nelson Mandela.

May 1948

Apartheid begins after the 1948 general election.

If national party win the general election then they promised to make laws severely restricting black rights, so white Africans would vote for them.

June 1952

The African National Congress starts the Defiance Campaign.

Volunteers tried to break the laws they thought were wrong, they began a peaceful resistance to apartheid. Protests included, black people using things of white people, such as, branches, public transportation and so on.

All people who were not “White” were classified as “Non-Europeans” or “Bantu”(Africans).

Quiz

What was the Bantu Education Act in 1953?

  • Was one of apartheid's most offensively racist laws
  • Was an Educational system for black people
Demonstration opposes the guilty verdict of the Rivonia Treason Trials against Nelson Mandela and other leaders of the ANC, Pretoria, June 14, 1964.

December 1956

Nelson Mandela is arrested for treason.

Nelson Mandela was anti-apartheid activist and ANC leader, he and several other people were arrested for fighting against apartheid. After a four year trial, he was remained innocent.

1959

Separate homelands are created for the major black groups.

Bantustans-homelands were created by the government for the major black groups in the country, the government passed a new law to create them. The government did that to prevent black people from being citizens of South Africa.

Members of the anti-apartheid movement commemorate the tenth anniversary of the Sharpeville massacre with a re-enactment outside South Africa House

Quiz

What happened in the Shapreville Massacre in 1960?

  • The Voting Rights Act, signed into law by President Lyndon Johnson
  • Sixty-nine people were killed

August 5, 1962

Nelson Mandela is arrested for treason.

Umkhonto we Sizwe was the part of the African National Congress, Mandela was the leader of that part. He was arrested and sentenced to live in prison for bombing government targets.

A Southern Rhodesian stamp issued for the royal visit to southern Africa, April 1947. This one-penny red figures King George VI and Queen Elizabeth.

November 11, 1965

Rhodesia illegally gains independence from Great Britain.

Rhodesia was broken away from Great Britain, so whites will control the government, announced Ian Smith (Prime Minister). Great Britain had been prepared to only grant independence if blacks were given some of the power in government.

South Africa becomes a charter member of the United Nations. 222. Wednesday, 7 November 1945

Quiz

When Africa was expelled from the United Nations?

  • August 5, 1962
  • November 1974

June 16, 1976

More than 600 students are killed in the Soweto Massacre.

High School students started a protest to improve education for black people. More than 600 people were killed by police with tear gas and bullets.

Anti-apartheid campaigner Steve Biko

September 12, 1977

Anti-apartheid activist Steve Biko is killed.

Steve Biko- one of the organizers of the protest, was arrested in 1977. He died on September 12, he died because of the brain damage, the police probably beat him.

1985

Musicians form Artists United Against Apartheid.

Artists United Against Apartheid formed by Steven Van Zandt after touring South Africa. Their album comes out and features several anti-apartheid songs.

For his second post-Garfunkel effort, Paul Simon found a nice sonic balance with There Goes Rhymin' Simon.

August 12, 1986

Paul Simon releases the album "Graceland."

South African musicians and Paul Simon made the album, Paul Simon traveled to South Africa for that. Simon is criticized by many people, when the album is released, for breaking the cultural boycott.

F.W. de Klerk

February 2, 1990

President Frederik Willem de Klerk ends the ban on the African National Congress.

President Frederik de Klerk supported segregation at one time, but lifted the ban on the African National Congress. President Frederik de Klerk and Nelson Mandela win the Nobel Peace Prize for helping end apartheid.

AFTER 27 YEARS OF IMPRISONMENT - MANDELA ON FEBRUARY 11, 1990

February 11, 1990

Nelson Mandela is released from prison.

Nelson Mandela is finally freed from prison after 27 years. President de Klerk helped him set him free, but Mandela says that there is more work to be done to end apartheid.

Mandela's election ends more than three centuries of white rule in South Africa

May 10, 1994

Nelson Mandela becomes president of South Africa.

Nelson Mandela is elected president of South Africa, there was the election that allowed both, black and whites, vote. Mandela is the first black president of South Africa.

Apartheid happened because of a number of factors. Opportunistic Europeans occupied south Africa in the 18th and 19th centuries.

Apartheid was a system of racial segregation in South Africa enforced through legislation by the National Party (NP), the governing party from 1948 to 1994.