600 BC: Humans discover the magnetic lodestone as well as the attracting properties of amber. Advanced societies like Chinese and Europeans, exploit the properties of magnets in compasses.
History of Magnetism
Universidad Tecmilenio
Matter and Energy II
Mariana Sofía Coronel Maldonado
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1175: Alexander Neckam first hints at the idea of using the Earth’s magnetic field to tell direction and orient travellers.
1269: Petrus Peregrinus de Marincourt, describes a floating compass and a compass with a pivot point. Thus, the modern compass was born.
1600: William Gilbert investigated the phenomenon of magnetism systematically using scientific method. He also argued that the earth was also a weak magnet. His studies contributed the arguments on the laws of attraction and repulsion. Further, he developed the idea of magnetic dip. Lastly, the scientist in his time helped differentiate between magnetic and electric attraction.
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1730: Servigton Savery produces the first compound magnet by binding together a few artificial magnets with a common pole piece at each end.
1740: Gowen Knight built the first artificial magnet for sale (public) to scientific investigators and terrestrial navigators.
1750: John Michell publishes the first book on making steel magnets.
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1785: Charles Coulomb initiated the quantitative studies of the magnetic phenomena. Coloumb discovered the inverse square law of force. The law states that the attractive force between two magnetized objects is directly proportional to the product of their individual fields and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
1819-1820: Hans Christian Oersted suggested a link between electricity and magnetism through a lecture. During the lecture, when a thin wire was connected to both ends of the battery a nearby compos reacted confirming some magnetism in the wire.
1825: Sturgeon discovered electromagnet.
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1830: Joseph Henry discovered that a change in magnetism can make currents flow, but he failed to publish this.
1831: Carl Friedrich Gauss studied theoretically the nature of the earth’s magnetism. He collaborated with Wilhelm Weber, the two discovered the Magnometer and the Electrodynamometer.
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1855: Michael Faraday an Englishman, made one of the most significant discoveries in the history of electricity: Electromagnetic induction.
1890: Pierre Curie studied the effect of temperature on magnetism. In the same year, the Curie law was proposed.
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1905: Langevin explained the theory of diamagnetism and paramagnetism.
1906: Weiss developed the ferromagnetic theory.
1917: K. Honda and T. Takai add cobalt to tungsten steel to dramatically increase the coercive force of permanent magnets.
1919: The first commercial steel magnets were made available. The steel were quench-hardened steel magnets.
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1930: I. Mishima produces the first Alnico magnet containing an alloy of iron, nickel, and aluminum.
1952: J.J. Went, G.W. Rathenan, E.W. Gorter and G.W. Van Oesterhout discovered the first ceramic magnets based on barium, lead-iron oxides and strontium.