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Copy of THE FRENCH REVOLUTION

The French Revolution is debatably the most influential of the revolutions, causing a widespread influence that changed the course of the world today as we know it. Some sections were incredibly substantial with loss and death, while some were periods of tranquility, where people were merely trying to figure out which way they were attempting to go. Many different factors influenced such an influential revolution, brought along by an all new resentment to absolute power, the rise of popularity of a new "Enlightened" way of thought, a substantial amount of debt, and famine. [7]

Science's affect on france and the Enlightenment

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The Scientific Revolution wasn't much of a legitimate 'revolution', per-say, with a particularly less amount of death and martyrdom. It was, to put it simply, a time of talking. There was a overall advancement of the sciences of mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology, human anatomy, and chemistry [1]. These new ideas influenced the viewpoint of society by using a new Enlightened way of thinking, whereas anything natural was perceived as good, and the opposite (or man made, in a sense) was evil. This new way of thinking, however, contradicted the ways churches originally taught matters, beginning an age where Science protested the Church. the previous 'mystical' line of thinking that was previously brought along by the church was debunked and ridiculed by Philosophes and believers of the Enlightenment, owing to a growing number of Atheists and non-Christian religions. Scientists, like those who believed in a Heliocentric solar system (for instance, Galileo) began their revolutionary ideas during this time.

The Enlightenment (Siècle des Lumières in French- literally the Century of Lights [thank you, one year of French knowledge] ) was a great increase of a new philosophy that spread across Europe in the 18th century [2]. The five points of the Enlightened were as follows: Reason- truth can be discerned by logical thinking Nature- what is Natural is good/reasonable Happiness- urged people to find their own well being of earth, and not live to serve a hierarchy Progress- society and humankind can improve, instead of maintaining the status quo (Ancien Régime, as it was called in France, which glorified the 'Divine Right' of a monarchy[3]). Liberty- freedom, put simply.

Quiz

Which of the famous philisophes had the most substantial influence on the United States Constitution?

Montesquieu
Rousseau
Beccaria
Wollstonecraft
Voltare
Dumbledore

The founding fathers were influenced heavily by English Philosopher John Locke, "establishing America’s First Principles, most notably the recognition of unalienable rights, the Social Compact, and limited government. [4]" Also known as the Father of Classical Liberalism, he influenced Voltaire and Rousseau, many Scottish Enlightenment thinkers, as well as the American revolutionaries [5]. Today, many of his ideas are used to create new governments and ways of thinking.

Forum

What say you? Which Enlightened Philosopher had the most influence of the world today?

Le gouvernement

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Society, in the time preceding, during, and following the revolution was separated into three main groups; the first, second, and third estates. The first estate, or the clergy, was the smallest of the groups, making up less than 1% of the population. They owned 10% of the land, and collected tithes from the second and third estates. The second estate made up about 2-3% of the overall population, and were mostly wealthy landowners. They paid only tithes, and nothing else. The third estate, the largest, was separated into three main groups, the Bourgeoisie, Sans-Culottes, and lastly, the peasants. The first estate was set up to exploit the other estates. When the revolution came along, the most affected by such was the third estate, more specifically the Sans-Culottes. They put their working tools aside to fight for human rights, and society today is an affect of such.

During the time of the French Revolution, the people of France once more broke into three separate groups, radicals, moderates, and conservatives (terms of which are still used today). Radicals believed society needed a more substantial amount of change- to the root, completely and thoroughly. Moderates believed society was fine as it was, and Conservatives, on the other side of the spectrum, believed society had changed too much, and were more in favour of the status-quo.

The french revolution

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The first radical move of the citizens was the storming of Bastille, whereas rioters stormed the prison in 1789, not with the intention of freeing (the minuscule and rather irrelevant number of) the prisoners, but to steal weaponry, for a fear and suspicion had set in after the king mobilized the French army outside Paris, and the only option to do, they believed, was to arm themselves and fight. 18 died, along with Marquis de Launey, the overseer of said prison, who was captured by the rioters and beheaded. This series of events brought along period known as The Great Fear, whereas everyone is scared of one another, none more fear-stricken than the third estate. as quoted from Voltaire, "It is dangerous to be right in matters on which the established authorities are wrong". Meanwhile, in Versailles, the king is hiding away from the turmoil, still having lavish parties and effectively leading along noblemen. "If the king will not come to us, then we go to the king" was the train of thought as angry women marched to the large estate, a nearly 22 mile journey. The King makes a deal with them, and are therefore taken from Versailles to Paris, where they are placed under "house arrest" in it's own way. However, soon enough, the king makes an attempt to escape Paris, and is beheaded, a sign that the radicals are winning.

The people of the third estate formed an assembly- Assemblée Nationale, formed by the people mainly to combat the lack of rights the third estate had. [6] They 'marched' out of the estates general, venting their frustration in a tennis court; thus the "Tennis Court Oath" was formed. It stated that no one was to back down until France had constitutional rights.

The Reign of terror [8]

Spanning from September 1793 to July 1794, [8], a period following the French Revolution, spurred by political conflict, was the Reign of Terror. It began with a De-Christainization of France, as the past religion was associated with the Old Regime, and therefore counter-revolutionary, although it was still widely practiced in secret. The Radicals were firm believers of "No God, No Religion, No King." over 17,000 were tried and executed during this time. [9]

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The radicals even went as far as to abolish old playing cards, ridding them of kings and queens and royalty, and replacing them with 'Equalities and Liberties.'

A new Calendar was adopted, as the one previous was based of of Christ and therefore Christianity. Named the Republican Calendar, it had no weeks nor months, 7 days replaced with 10 day long 'decades', months named after seasonal features. This calendar stuck around for a mere 15 weeks.

Forum

This new way of rule in France doesn't seem very enlightened in the slightest, does it?

However dictator-like france turned following the revolution, it invented, in a way, modern revolution- the idea that things can change, using a plan of action to do so. this revolution brought modernism along in a much faster speed than anything else did, which amounts to why this revolution is the most substantial. [10]

SOURCES- [1]Wikipedia, the Scientific Revolution. Retrieved October 27th, 2015 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_revolution [2] Wikipedia, the Age of Enlightenment. Retrieved October 27th, 2015 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment [3] Wikipedia, The Ancien Régime. Retrieved October 27th, 2015 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancien_R%C3%A9gime [4] America's Survival Guide, John Locke. Retrieved October 27th, 2015 http://www.americassurvivalguide.com/john-locke.php [5] Wikipedia, John Locke. Retrieved October 27th, 2015 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Locke [6] Wikipedia, National Assembly. Retrieved November 2nd, 2015 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Assembly_(France) [7] Bonjour La France, France History. Retrieved November 2nd, 2015 http://www.bonjourlafrance.com/france-facts/france-history/causes-of-the-french-revolution.htm [8] Wikipedia, Reign of Terror. Retrieved November 2nd, 2015 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reign_of_Terror [9] History.com, French Revolution. Retrieved November 2nd, 2015 www.history.com/topics/french-revolution [10] Encyclopedia.com, French Revolution. Retrieved November 2nd, 2015. http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/French_Revolution.aspx